The U.S. government’s Indian Policy evolved during the 19th century, culminating in the expulsion of the American Indians from their ancestral homelands. Much has been written about Andrew Jackson and the removal of the Five Nations from the American Southeast to present-day Oklahoma. Yet little attention has been paid to the policies of the Lincoln administration and their consequences.
The Civil War was catastrophic for the natives of the Indian Territory. More battles were waged in the Indian Territory than in any other theater of the war, and the Five Nations’ betrayal by the U.S. government ultimately lead to the destruction of their homes, their sovereignty and their identity.

Joseph Connole is an independent Native American historian who has written and been published on the topics of the Civil War in the Indian Territory and the Comanche Code Talkers of World War II. He lives in Oxford, Mississippi.

Joseph Connole
Format: softcover (6 x 9)
Pages: 231
Bibliographic Info: 39 photos & maps, notes, bibliography, index
Copyright Date: 2017
pISBN: 978-1-4766-7073-7
eISBN: 978-1-4766-3009-0
Imprint: McFarland

Acknowledgments v
Preface 1
Prologue 13
One. “Our people have suffered a great deal” 17
Two. How the Wolf Came 37
Three. “When the Earth was clothed with white” 55
Four. The Way to Pea Ridge 71
Five. Federal Indian Expedition 99
Six. Entering the Maelstrom 119
Seven. “Like a terrible fire on the dry prairie” 139
Eight. A Melancholy Wasteland 157
Nine. The Ruin That War Wrought 177
Chapter Notes 201
Bibliography 216
Index 221