Early Women Architects of the San Francisco Bay Area
The Lives and Work of Fifty Professionals, 1890–1951
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About the Book
This book presents the lives, careers, and work of fifty largely unknown pioneers. It chronicles the triumphs and challenges these path-breaking women faced in their pursuit of entering and claiming space in the male-dominated field of architecture. Included are photographs of buildings, portraits of the architects, and some architectural drawings. Each biography offers vital data, a description of the career, a list of known buildings and work, and a bibliography. Four appendices list female architecture students at the University of California, Berkeley, women certified by California to practice architecture, members of women’s architectural societies, and female members of the American Institute of Architects.
About the Author(s)
Bibliographic Details
Inge Schaefer Horton
Format: softcover (7 x 10)
Pages: 436
Bibliographic Info: 238 photos, appendices, notes, bibliography, index
Copyright Date: 2010
pISBN: 978-0-7864-4656-8
Imprint: McFarland
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Preface 1
Introduction 7
Part I. A Collective Portrait 15
One • Dreams and Inspirations 17
Two • Stepping Out of the Drawing Room 23
Three • Off to School 28
Four • With Patience and Perseverance 49
Five • Women Employees in Architectural Firms .55
Six • An Office of Her Own 61
Seven • Rising to the Challenge 69
Eight • Related Professions 84
Nine • Supporting Each Other 87
Ten • Having It All? 91
Eleven • Happily Ever After? 102
Part II. The Design Legacy of Pioneer Women Architects 107
Twelve • Residential Work 109
Thirteen • Institutional, Commercial, and Industrial Work 128
Fourteen • The Hidden Legacy 139
Fifteen • Evaluation of Pioneer Women Practicing Architecture by Their Contemporaries 143
Part III. Individual Portraits 145
Austin, Elizabeth M. 147
Aycrigg, Helen E. Findlay 155
Bassett, Helen Rearwin 159
Benbow, Helen G. 162
Born, Esther Frances Baum 168
Boyter, Elizabeth “Bess” Mary 172
Bridgman, Lilian “Lillie” Belle 175
Brown, Phoebe Hearst 183
Castelhun, Ella 189
Chadeayne, Olive Kingsley 193
Clever, Louise Harriet Russell 198
Coblentz, Dorothy Wormser 201
Deakin, Edna Isabel 205
Diment, Shirley Constance 210
Dodge, Ola Mae Putnam 211
Ehrenfels, Camille D’Evelyn
Johnston 212
Eller, Armena Louise Morse 213
Emmons, Audrey Jean Durland
Ksanda 215
Fowler, Matilda Gertrude Newsom 222
French, Helen Louise Douglass 223
Gauen, Eileen Claudia Watkins 231
Hall (Coggins), Leola 232
Hufbauer, Arabelle McKee 239
Jackson, Minnie May 242
Jewett, Grace 246
Jory, Grace Y. Weeks 252
Kartwold, Lois Beryl Goetz 257
Kavin, Eda 261
Knapp, Charlotte “Kid” Hastings 264
Kosmak, Evelyn Meta Hall Gilcrest 265
Langhorst, Lois Wilson Worley 268
Lindheim, Roslyn Ittelson 281
Luis, Rosanna “Rose” Enos 286
McAfee, Lucy Page Brown 290
McCain, Ida F. 291
Mesic, Julian C. 301
Meyers, Mildred Sophie 306
Morgan, Julia 314
Morin (Van Blarcom), Grace
Evelyn 322
Morrow, Gertrude Elizabeth
Comfort 324
Nevins, Kate “Kitty” Lockwood
French Squire 337
Northman, Edith Mortensen 344
Parug, Martha Jane Moorehead 348
Reiss (Friedman), Hilde 353
Sanford, Florence “Sanchia”
Thurston Hincks 356
Stan, Sara Ellen “Sally” Waldner
Bould 359
Steinmesch, Henrietta May 363
Sutherland, Helen Earle 366
Williams, Emily Eolian 368
Witkin (Tarris), Elizabeth “Betty”
Ord Hillier 379
Appendix 1. Women Students in the Architecture Department/School at the University of California, Berkeley 385
Appendix 2. Architectural Licenses Issued to Women Architects by the State of California, 1901–1961 392
Appendix 3. Members of Alpha Alpha Gamma or the Association of Women in Architecture in California 395
Appendix 4. California Women Architects Admitted to the American Institute of Architects 399
Chapter Notes 401
Bibliography 415
Index 421